Lower-Risk Cannabis Use in Canada: What 27,236 Students Taught Researchers

Researchers analyzed survey responses from 27,236 students at four Canadian universities. The data were collected from 2020 to 2022 and the analysis was published in 2026. The study evaluated adherence to seven recommendations from the 2017 Canadian Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines.

Lifetime cannabis use was reported by 33.8% of respondents. The detailed guideline analysis focused on students who reported lifetime non-medical use. This is an important distinction: the percentages describe self-reported behaviour within a university sample, not every student or adult in Canada.

Only 29.0% of users reported adhering to the recommendation to choose lower-strength cannabis products. Put another way, 71.0% did not consistently report making lower-strength choices. The researchers identified potency literacy and access to lower-potency products as priorities for future public-health work.

The recommendation not to smoke cannabis had an adherence rate of 36.7%, meaning 63.3% reported smoking. Avoiding deep inhalation or holding the breath had higher adherence at 64.2%. These findings separate two issues: the route of use and the way an inhaled product is consumed. Several recommendations had high adherence

Higher THC strength can increase the likelihood and intensity of impairment and unwanted effects. Smoking exposes the lungs to combustion products. Choosing another route does not remove all risk: edibles have delayed effects and vaping carries inhalation and product-quality concerns. Product class, dose, timing and frequency still matter.

The survey relied on self-report and involved four universities, limiting how broadly the results can be generalized. It evaluated seven of ten 2017 recommendations and did not assess every element of updated guidance. The study identifies behaviour patterns; it does not prove why particular groups followed or did not follow a recommendation.

Lower-risk guidance is most useful when it becomes practical literacy: understand THC strength, avoid frequent use, do not smoke or inhale deeply, never drive impaired, avoid combining intoxicants and store products securely. No cannabis use is risk-free, but informed choices can reduce avoidable harm.

Research and source notes: Pei J et al. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada. 2026;46(6):215-225. doi:10.24095/hpcdp.46.6.01 • Health Canada: Lower-risk cannabis use guidance.